Benign peripheral nerve tumor

Benign peripheral nerve tumor

overview

Your peripheral nerves connect your brain and spinal cord to other parts of your body. These nerves control your muscles to allow you to walk, blink, swallow, pick up things, and perform other activities.

Different types of nerve tumors occur. Although their cause is usually unknown, some are hereditary.

Most tumors are not cancerous (malignant), but they can cause nerve damage and loss of muscle control. That's why it's important to see your doctor if you have any unusual lumps, pain, tingling or numbness, or muscle weakness.

Types

Dumbbell tumor

Dumbbell tumor

A more complex nerve sheath tumor may take the shape of a dumbbell. This type of tumor occurs in the spine and pelvis and is intertwined with important nerves.

Schwannoma

Schwannoma

Surgeons carefully remove your schwannoma, taking care to preserve nerve fascicles that are not affected by your tumor.

Peripheral nerve tumors affect nerves by growing within them (intraneural tumors) or by pressing against them (extraneural tumors). Most are benign. Different types of benign peripheral nerve tumors include:

• Schwannoma.The most common benign peripheral nerve tumor in adults, a schwannoma, can occur anywhere. It typically comes from a single bundle (fascicle) within the main nerve and displaces the rest of the nerve.

  Some schwannomas enlarge and take unusual shapes within your spine or pelvis, such as: B. Dumbbell tumors. If you develop a schwannoma in an arm or leg, you may notice a mass. As a schwannoma enlarges, more fascicles are at risk, making removal more difficult. Generally, these tumors grow slowly.

  Schwannomas most often occur alone, although some people occasionally have several of them in their arms, legs or body, a condition known as schwannomatosis.

  If you have a rare schwannoma near your brain stem, known as an acoustic neuroma, you may have problems with your balance or hearing. This type of tumor, also known as a vestibular schwannoma, usually forms without being associated with a syndrome, but some acoustic neuromas are diagnosed in people with neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2).

  Untreated acoustic neuromas that continue to grow can affect nearby nerves and compress the brainstem.

• Neurofibroma.This common type of benign nerve tumor tends to form in the center of the nerve. A neurofibroma can arise from multiple nerve bundles and tends to cause mild symptoms. This tumor most often develops in people with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), a genetic disorder that causes tumors to grow on nerves.

  Doctors usually diagnose people with NF1 by examining discolorations or benign tumors on their skin. Some people with NF1 develop other conditions, such as: B. a curvature of the spine (scoliosis), another bone deformity or an eye nerve tumor (optic glioma). People with NF1 are at risk of developing a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

• Perineuriom. Dieser seltene gutartige periphere Nerventumor kann sich auch als extraneuraler Tumor entwickeln. Ein intraneurales Perineuriom tritt am häufigsten bei Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen auf und verursacht typischerweise eine allmählich fortschreitende Schwäche und einen Sensibilitätsverlust, der einen Arm oder ein Bein betrifft.
• Lipom. Langsam wachsende Fettzellen verursachen diese gutartigen, weichen Knoten, die normalerweise unter der Haut an Hals, Schultern, Rücken oder Armen erscheinen. Ein Lipom in der Nähe eines Nervs kann diesen komprimieren. Normalerweise verursachen sie jedoch keine Schmerzen oder andere Probleme. Ihr Arzt möchte es möglicherweise durch regelmäßige Untersuchungen überwachen.
• Ganglion Zyste. Einige dieser Zysten stammen von einer Verletzung, aber die meisten haben keine bekannte Ursache. Sie bilden sich häufig in der Nähe von Gelenken, wie z. B. Ihrem Handgelenk, und können Schmerzen verursachen und alltägliche Aktivitäten beeinträchtigen. Einige verschwinden ohne Behandlung, aber Ganglienzysten, die benachbarte Nerven komprimieren, sollten entfernt werden.

Types

1. Neurofibroma

2. Schwannoma

Causes

The cause of benign peripheral nerve tumors is usually not known. Some are inherited. The most common form is schwannoma. It typically begins in a single bundle within the main nerve and displaces the rest of the nerve.

Another common type is neurofibroma. These tumors often form inside the nerve. Sometimes they arise from several nerve bundles.

Perineuriomas are rare and can grow from inside or outside the nerve. Tumors outside a nerve can cause problems if they press on the nerve. Other benign tumors that form outside the nerves are soft lumps of slow-growing fat cells called lipomas and ganglion cysts.

Treatment of benign peripheral nerve tumors

Sources:

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5. Neurofibromatose 1. Nationale Organisation für seltene Erkrankungen. https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/neurofibromatose-type-1-nf1/. Abgerufen am 4. August 2017.
6. Lipom. Amerikanische Akademie der orthopädischen Chirurgen. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00631. Abgerufen am 5. August 2017.
7. Haaga JR, et al., Hrsg. Mediastinale Erkrankung. In: CT und MRT des ganzen Körpers. 6. Aufl. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Elsevier, 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Abgerufen am 2. August 2017.
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9. Spinner RJ (Gutachten). Mayo-Klinik. 2. November 2020.
10. Fragen Sie den Mayo-Experten. Neurofibromatose 1. Mayo-Klinik; 23. September 2020.

1. Neurofibroma

2. Schwannoma