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The acute and chronic effects of pod-based e-cigarettes on vascular health
*Important Note: Statements and conclusions of studies presented at American Heart Association scientific meetings are solely those of the study authors and do not necessarily reflect the policy or position of the Association. The Association makes no representations or warranties as to its accuracy or reliability. Abstracts presented at the Association's scientific meetings are not peer-reviewed but are curated by independent review panels and considered on the basis of their potential to expand the diversity of scientific topics and views discussed at the meeting. The results are considered preliminary until they are submitted as a full manuscript in a peer-reviewed...
The acute and chronic effects of pod-based e-cigarettes on vascular health
*Important NOTE:Statements and conclusions of studies presented at American Heart Association scientific meetings are solely those of the study authors and do not necessarily reflect the policy or position of the Association. The Association makes no representations or warranties as to its accuracy or reliability. Abstracts presented at the Association's scientific meetings are not peer-reviewed but are curated by independent review panels and considered on the basis of their potential to expand the diversity of scientific topics and views discussed at the meeting. Results are considered preliminary until published as a full manuscript in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
In a current study that will soon be presented at the American Heart Association (AHA) Scientific Sessions 2022 *, Researchers evaluated the effects of PEC [pod-based electronic (e)-cigarette] use on cardiovascular (CVS) health under the leadership of the AHA's Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science (TCORS) group.
Lernen: Assoziation der Konzentrationen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen mit durch Pod-basierte elektronische Zigaretten verursachten Veränderungen der Gefäßfunktion junger Erwachsener. Bildnachweis: Hazem.m.kamal/Shutterstock
The study results were presented at a meeting held November 5-7, 2022 in Chicago, as part of a leading international discussion on the latest advances in scientific research and updates to evidence-based practices in clinical settings related to CVS Health.
background
Recently, PEC use has increased among young adults and individuals attempting to reduce or quit smoking traditional combustible cigarettes. Cigarettes contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a broad category of gases found in several commonly used things such as paints, cleaning products, pesticides and vehicle exhaust.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has stated that exposure to VOCs can cause varying degrees of adverse health effects. The long-lasting effects of using new tobacco-based products have not been well characterized and require further study.
About studying
In the present multicenter observational study, researchers compared the negative effects of VOC exposure on blood vessels in people who used PECs, traditional combustible cigarettes, and no nicotine or tobacco products.
The study included 106 young adults (residents, faculty members, and students) between the ages of 18 and 45 years without CVS disease or associated risk factors (for hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus). Individuals were enrolled in the study conducted from 2019 to 2021 at the University of Louisville and the University School of Medicine in Kentucky and Boston, respectively. All participants had their HR (heart rate) and BP (blood pressure) measured before and after 10 minutes of using self-selected tobacco-based products.
For study participants, measurements were recorded on a single day during a single clinical visit. Blood vessel function (veins and arteries that circulate blood to all parts of the body) was assessed by observing flow-mediated dilatation/enlargement of the brachial artery in response to an increase in blood flow at two time points, i.e., before and 0.5-hours post-tobacco consumption. Urinary VOC concentrations were recorded before and 60 minutes after use of either PECs or conventional cigarettes. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using a DAF-2 indicator among VOC-exposed HAECs (human aortic endothelial cells).
Results
Among participants, 51% and 49% were female and male, respectively, and 35%, 33%, and 81% of those who smoked PECs, conventional cigarettes, and no tobacco products, respectively, were women. Forty-eight (45%), 21 (20%), and 37 (35%) study participants used PECs, conventional cigarettes, and no tobacco products, respectively. Among participants, 37%, 64%, and 36% of PEC users reported using non-conventional cigarettes, using only electronic cigarettes, and using both conventional cigarettes and PECs.
Several VOCs released by PECs have been found to be associated with blood vessel health changes, including increases in blood pressure and heart rate readings and decreased blood vessel dilation. PEC users and conventional cigarette users showed eight percent higher systolic blood pressure and increased HR values compared to non-tobacco users. However, the changes in vascular function associated with PEC consumption and conventional cigarette consumption were comparable. Levels of VOCs such as acrylamide, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and acrylonitrile have been linked to vascular changes. HAEC exposure to acrylamide and acrolein decreased acetylcholine-stimulated NO production.
Conclusions
Overall, study results showed that PEC consumption had comparable short-term and long-lasting effects on vascular function, blood pressure and heart rate as conventional cigarette consumption in young and healthy adults, including people who have never smoked conventional cigarettes. The results suggest that PECs release VOC chemicals that have toxic effects on blood vessels, such as: B. altered NO production, which may adversely affect CVS health.
Establishing strict health regulations that increase PEC procurement and accessibility difficulties for youth is critical to achieving a tobacco-free environment. Additionally, improved strategies and approaches are needed to support individuals in quitting smoking and to expand access to and support for tobacco cessation medications and programs.
Study Restrictions
Limitations of the present study include allowing participants to use their preferred tobacco-based products, making it more difficult to characterize the effects of individual product ingredients such as nicotine and flavors. Furthermore, preferential use of tobacco products would make it difficult to detect interindividual differences in vascular function associated with the use of specific brands or types of tobacco products. Additionally, most participants used mint-flavored PECs. Further research could be conducted with larger sample sizes to evaluate differences associated with the use of different PEC flavors.
*Important NOTE:Statements and conclusions of studies presented at American Heart Association scientific meetings are solely those of the study authors and do not necessarily reflect the policy or position of the Association. The Association makes no representations or warranties as to its accuracy or reliability. Abstracts presented at the Association's scientific meetings are not peer-reviewed but are curated by independent review panels and considered on the basis of their potential to expand the diversity of scientific topics and views discussed at the meeting. Results are considered preliminary until published as a full manuscript in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
Reference:
- Vorläufiger wissenschaftlicher Bericht.
Sana A. Majid, et al. Assoziation der Konzentrationen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen mit durch Pod-basierte elektronische Zigaretten verursachten Veränderungen der Gefäßfunktion junger Erwachsener. (2022) Abstractsonline.com. Verfügbar um: https://www.abstractsonline.com/pp8/?_ga=2.88375449.302185636.1662665149-988796826.1632509470#!/10611/presentation/13822 (Zugriff: 2. November 2022).
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