Spinal stenosis: symptoms and treatment

Spinal stenosis: symptoms and treatment

Spinal stenosis: symptoms and treatment

Spinal stenosis is a degenerative spinal disease that can cause compression in the spinal cord. This narrowing of the spinal canal can lead to various symptoms and complaints. In this article we would like to give you a comprehensive overview of the symptoms and treatment options for spinal canal stenosis.

I. What is spinal canal stenosis?

The spinal canal, also known as the spinal canal, is the cavity in the middle of the spine through which the spinal cord passes. Spinal canal stenosis is a pathological narrowing of this canal, which results in pressure being placed on the spinal cord.

The stenosis can occur in the cervical area (cervical spine) as well as in the thoracic (thoracic spine) or lumbar (lumbar spine) area. It usually arises from age-related changes such as a herniated disc, bone growth or wear and tear in the area of ​​the facet joints.

II. Symptoms of spinal canal stenosis

The symptoms of spinal canal stenosis can vary depending on the location and severity. However, generally they are due to compression of the spinal cord:

1. Neurological symptoms

– Numbness and tingling in the arms or legs
– Muscle weakness in the extremities
– Gait disorders and coordination problems

2. Pain

– Back pain that can radiate to the arms or legs (depending on the area of ​​the spine affected)
– Increased pain when walking or standing (spinal claudication)
– Restrictions on mobility in the affected area

3. Bladder and bowel symptoms

In advanced cases, spinal canal stenosis can lead to disorders of the bladder and intestinal systems:

– Urinary incontinence (inability to retain urine)
– Fecal incontinence (inability to retain stool)

It is important to note that not all patients with spinal stenosis develop concurrent neurological symptoms. There are also cases in which the symptoms develop gradually over a longer period of time.

III. Diagnosis of spinal canal stenosis

In order to diagnose spinal canal stenosis, various examination methods are necessary. A comprehensive approach is often used:

1. Medical history

The treating doctor will first carry out a detailed anamnesis to obtain information about your symptoms as well as previous illnesses and possible risk factors.

2. Physical examination

A physical exam can help detect certain neurological symptoms, such as muscle weakness or loss of sensation in the extremities.

3. Imaging

Imaging techniques such as x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) can be used to accurately visualize the structural changes in the spinal canal and make a precise diagnosis.

IV. Treatment of spinal canal stenosis

Treatment options for spinal stenosis depend on the severity of symptoms and range from conservative approaches to surgical procedures:

1. Conservative therapy

In mild cases, conservative therapy may be sufficient to alleviate the symptoms:

– Pain-relieving medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, or muscle relaxants can help reduce pain and inflammation.
– Physiotherapy: Targeted exercises to strengthen the back muscles and improve mobility can be helpful.
– Epidural steroid injections: In some cases, anti-inflammatory medications are injected directly into the affected area.

2. Surgical procedure

If conservative therapy does not provide adequate pain relief or if neurological symptoms are present, surgical intervention may be necessary:

– Decompression: This operation reduces the pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots by removing the constricting tissue (e.g. disc material or bone growths).
– Stabilization: In some cases it is necessary to stabilize the spine by fusing vertebrae.

The decision to undergo surgery depends on various factors, such as the patient's age, individual complaints and the severity of the structural changes in the spinal canal.

V. Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

1. How does spinal canal stenosis occur?

Spinal canal stenosis usually arises from age-related changes such as herniated discs, bone growths or degenerative changes in the facet joints.

2. Is spinal canal stenosis curable?

In most cases, complete healing of spinal canal stenosis is not possible. However, treatment aims to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

3. How long is the recovery time after surgery?

Recovery time after surgery varies depending on the type of procedure and individual factors. In general, it may take several weeks to months to achieve full recovery.

Conclusion

Spinal stenosis is a degenerative disease of the spine that can cause symptoms such as numbness, muscle weakness and pain. Diagnosis is usually made through a comprehensive history, physical examination and imaging tests. Treatment options range from conservative therapies such as medication and physical therapy to surgical procedures to decompress the spinal cord. It is important to see a qualified doctor to find the best possible treatment option for your individual situation.

Sources:
– American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons: Spinal Stenosis
– Mayo Clinic: Spinal Stenosis Fact Sheet