Early warning signs: sleep disorders as an alarm for dementia and Parkinson's!

The early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and dementia is becoming increasingly important. Researchers have identified a new early symptom that is primarily noticeable at night: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). This can manifest itself in uncontrolled movements while dreaming, such as hitting, kicking, speaking or laughing. In Germany, around 1.8 million people live with dementia, including an increasing number of younger patients.

A recent study that used 3D cameras to analyze the sleep patterns of 170 patients looked at RBD and its connection to Parkinson's and dementia. 80 patients with RBD and 90 without sleep disorders were examined. The analysis found that patients with RBD showed more shorter movements and shorter periods of no movement in REM sleep, indicating the underlying disorders. Interestingly, the technology used has an accuracy rate of 92 percent, the highest rate known to date.

Early symptoms and risks

The study highlights the importance of early detection: people with RBD have an 80 to 100 percent increased risk of developing Parkinson's or dementia. Other early warning signs include memory problems, difficulty planning and doing usual activities, and cognitive impairments. In Parkinson's disease, the first signs are often involuntary tremors in the hands and a decrease in the ability to move. Lack of sleep can also lead to the buildup of harmful substances in the brain, increasing the risk of dementia.

The onset of RBD may appear decades before formal diagnosis. The research group at Kiel University is striving for better characterization and therapeutic options for those affected. Although there is currently no cure for dementia or Parkinson's disease, new approaches, such as a diabetes drug, show potential for delaying the disease. Lifestyle changes and mental training can also improve patients' quality of life.