Be careful with melatonin: risks and side effects for users

Be careful with melatonin: risks and side effects for users

Melatonin and its possible effects on sleep

Melatonin has established itself as a popular sleep aid in recent years. Whether as a spray, capsules, drops or gummy drops – the products are available without a prescription and promise to make the process of falling asleep easier. But the popularity of these dietary supplements raises questions, particularly regarding safety and potential side effects, which the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) is now taking a closer look at.

Risk with long-term use

In its current assessment, the BfR pointed out that prolonged use of melatonin can cause undesirable health effects. These include symptoms such as morning drowsiness, daytime sleepiness or unsteady gait. This could lead to an increased risk of accidents, particularly for drivers or machine operators. In addition to these effects, headaches, a drop in blood pressure and even changes in blood sugar levels can also be observed.

Risk of confusion for small children

Another alarming problem is the risk of confusing melatonin-containing gummy drops with conventional sweets. Between 2015 and 2019, four cases were reported in Germany in which children accidentally swallowed such products. These incidents demonstrate the need for additional precautions to ensure the safety of children.

Special risk groups

Particularly vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, breastfeeding women, as well as children and adolescents should be careful when taking melatonin. Since dietary supplements, unlike medicines, are not subject to approval requirements, it is advisable not to consume them without consulting a doctor or pharmacist. The BfR emphasizes that people with previous illnesses should be particularly careful.

Limitations of research

Although melatonin is used, among other things, to treat sleep disorders in older people and in children with specific illnesses, the long-term effects of supplementation have not yet been sufficiently investigated. The BfR warns of a possible increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes through long-term use, which underlines the need for further research in this area.

Conclusion: Education and caution are crucial

Using melatonin as a sleep aid may seem attractive to many people, but it should be done with caution. Education about risks and side effects is crucial to avoid potential health problems. It is recommended that you obtain comprehensive information and seek professional support if you are unsure.

dpa/sk