Hip dysplasia

Hip dysplasia

overview

Hip dysplasia is the medical term for a hip socket that does not completely cover the ball of the upper thigh bone. This can cause the hip joint to become partially or completely dislocated. Most people with hip dysplasia are born with the condition.

Doctors will check your baby for signs of hip dysplasia soon after birth and during doctor's visits. If hip dysplasia is diagnosed in early childhood, a soft orthosis can usually correct the problem.

Milder cases of hip dysplasia may not cause symptoms until a person is a teenager or young adult. Hip dysplasia can damage the cartilage that lines the joint, and it can also damage the soft cartilage (labrum) that surrounds the socket portion of the hip joint. This is called a hip labrum tear.

In older children and young adults, surgery may be required to move the bones into the correct position for smooth joint movement.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms vary by age group. In infants, you may notice that one leg is longer than the other. Once a child begins to walk, a limp may develop. During diaper changes, one hip may be less flexible than the other.

In adolescents and young adults, hip dysplasia can cause painful complications such as osteoarthritis or a hip labrum tear. This can cause activity-related groin pain. In some cases, you may experience a feeling of instability in the hip.

Causes

At birth, the hip joint is made of soft cartilage that gradually hardens into bone. The ball and pan must fit together well as they serve as molds for each other. If the ball is not seated firmly in the pan, the pan will not form completely around the ball and will be too flat.

In the last month before birth, the space in the uterus may become so narrow that the ball of the hip joint moves out of its proper position, resulting in a flatter socket. Factors that can reduce space in the uterus include:

• Erste Schwangerschaft
• Großes Schätzchen
• Breech-Präsentation

Risk factors

Hip dysplasia runs in families and is more common in girls. The risk of hip dysplasia is also higher in babies born breech and in babies who are swaddled tightly with straight hips and knees.

Complications

Later in life, hip dysplasia can damage the soft cartilage (labrum) that surrounds the socket portion of the hip joint. This is called a hip labrum tear. Hip dysplasia can also cause the joint to become more susceptible to osteoarthritis. This occurs due to higher contact pressures on a smaller surface area of ​​the socket. Over time, this wears away the smooth cartilage on the bones that helps them slide against each other as the joint moves.

Treatment of hip dysplasia

Sources:

1. Kliegman RM, et al. Die Hüfte. In: Nelson Lehrbuch der Kinderheilkunde. 21. Aufl. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Abgerufen am 14. Februar 2020.
2. Fragen Sie MayoExpert. Entwicklungsbedingte Hüftdysplasie. Mayo-Klinik. 2019.
3. Entwicklungsluxation (Dysplasie) der Hüfte (DDH). Amerikanische Akademie der orthopädischen Chirurgen. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/developmental-dislocation-dysplasia-of-the-hip-ddh. Abgerufen am 14. Februar 2020.
4. Adoleszente Hüftdysplasie. Amerikanische Akademie der orthopädischen Chirurgen. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/adolescent-hip-dysplasia. Abgerufen am 14. Februar 2020.
5. Azar FM, et al. Hüftschmerzen bei jungen Erwachsenen und hüfterhaltende Chirurgie. In: Campbells Operative Orthopädie. 13. Aufl. Elsevier; 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Abgerufen am 14. Februar 2020.
6. Rosenfeld SB. Entwicklungsdysplasie der Hüfte: Klinische Merkmale und Diagnose. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Abgerufen am 14. Februar 2020.
7. Rosenfeld SB. Entwicklungsdysplasie der Hüfte: Epidemiologie und Pathogenese. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Abgerufen am 14. Februar 2020.
8. Rosenfeld SB. Entwicklungsdysplasie der Hüfte: Behandlung und Ergebnis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Abgerufen am 14. Februar 2020.
9. Krych AJ (Gutachten). Mayo-Klinik. 19. Februar 2020.
10. Morrow ES Jr. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo-Klinik. 13. Januar 2020.