Cold sores
Cold sores
overview
Cold sores

Cold sores
Cold sores, often called cold sores, are clustered, small, fluid-filled blisters. You may feel a tingling sensation on your lip before a small, hard, painful spot appears (above). After one or two days, bubbles form, which later break and come out (below). Healing usually occurs in two to three weeks without scarring.
Cold sores – also known as cold sores – are a common viral infection. They are tiny, fluid-filled blisters on and around your lips. These blisters are often grouped into patches. After the blisters break, a scab forms that can last for several days. Cold sores usually heal within two to three weeks without leaving a scar.
Cold sores are caused by close contact, such as B. Kissing, transmitted from person to person. They are usually caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and less commonly by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Both viruses can affect your mouth or genitals and can be transmitted through oral sex. Cold sores are contagious even if you don't see the sores.
There is no cure for cold sores, but treatment can help manage outbreaks. Prescription antiviral pills or creams can help wounds heal faster. And they can reduce the frequency, duration and severity of future outbreaks.
Symptoms
A cold sore usually goes through several stages:
- Kribbeln und Jucken. Viele Menschen spüren etwa einen Tag lang Juckreiz, Brennen oder Kribbeln um die Lippen herum, bevor eine kleine, harte, schmerzhafte Stelle erscheint und Blasen ausbrechen.
- Blasen. Kleine, mit Flüssigkeit gefüllte Bläschen brechen normalerweise am Rand Ihrer Lippen aus. Manchmal erscheinen sie um die Nase oder Wangen oder im Mund.
- Nässen und Verkrusten. Die kleinen Blasen können verschmelzen und dann platzen und flache offene Wunden hinterlassen, die austreten und verkrusten.
Signs and symptoms vary depending on whether this is your first outbreak or a recurrence. If you have a cold sore for the first time, symptoms may not appear until 20 days after you first come into contact with the virus. The sores may last for several days and the blisters may take two to three weeks to heal completely. Recurrences usually occur in the same location each time and are usually less severe than the initial outbreak.
During a first-time outbreak, you may also experience:
- Fieber
- Schmerzhaftes Zahnfleisch
- Halsschmerzen
- Kopfschmerzen
- Muskelkater
- Geschwollene Lymphknoten
Children under 5 years of age can have cold sores in the mouth and the lesions are often confused with mouth ulcers. Canker sores only affect the mucous membrane and are not caused by the herpes simplex virus.
When to go to the doctor?
Cold sores generally go away without treatment. See your doctor if:
- Sie haben ein geschwächtes Immunsystem
- Die Fieberbläschen heilen nicht innerhalb von zwei Wochen
- Die Symptome sind schwerwiegend
- Sie haben häufig wiederkehrende Fieberbläschen
- Sie erleben Reizungen in Ihren Augen
Causes
Cold sores are caused by certain strains of the herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSV-1 usually causes cold sores. HSV-2 is usually responsible for genital herpes. But both types can spread to the face or genitals through close contact such as kissing or oral sex. Shared eating utensils, razors and towels can also spread HSV-1.
Cold sores are most contagious when you have weeping blisters because the virus spreads easily through contact with infected body fluids. But you can spread the virus even if you don't have blisters. Many people infected with the virus that causes cold sores never develop signs and symptoms.
Once you've had an episode of a herpes infection, the virus lies dormant in nerve cells in your skin and can appear as another cold sore in the same place as before. Recurrences can be triggered by:
- Virusinfektion oder Fieber
- Hormonelle Veränderungen, z. B. im Zusammenhang mit der Menstruation
- Betonen
- Ermüdung
- Sonneneinstrahlung und Wind ausgesetzt
- Veränderungen im Immunsystem
- Verletzung der Haut
Video: 3 things you didn't know about cold sores
View transcript
Cold sores on the lips can be embarrassing and difficult to hide. But it turns out you may have no reason to be ashamed.
"Over 70 percent of the U.S. population is infected with herpes simplex 1. Now, a very small percentage of those people actually develop cold sores."
Dr. Pritish Tosh, an infectious disease specialist at the Mayo Clinic, says genetics determine whether a person develops cold sores.
"A portion of the population doesn't quite have the right immunological genes and things like that and so they're not able to deal with the virus as well as other people in the population."
The problem is that people can spread the herpes virus whether they develop cold sores or not. The herpes virus spreads through physical contact such as kissing, sharing a toothbrush - even sharing a drinking glass - or through sexual contact.
“Because the number of people who are infected but have no symptoms far exceeds the number of people who are infected and have symptoms, most new transmissions are occurring from people who have no idea they are infected.”
For the Mayo Clinic News Network, I'm Ian Roth.
Risk factors
Almost everyone is at risk of a cold sore. Most adults carry the virus that causes cold sores, even if they have never had symptoms.
You are most at risk of complications from the virus if you have a weakened immune system due to medical conditions and treatments such as:
- HIV/Aids
- Atopische Dermatitis (Ekzem)
- Krebs-Chemotherapie
- Anti-Abstoßungs-Medikamente für Organtransplantationen
Complications
In some people, the virus that causes cold sores can cause problems in other areas of the body, including:
- Fingerspitzen. Sowohl HSV-1 als auch HSV-2 können auf die Finger übertragen werden. Diese Art der Infektion wird oft als Herpes Whitlow bezeichnet. Kinder, die an ihren Daumen lutschen, können die Infektion von ihrem Mund auf ihre Daumen übertragen.
- Augen. Das Virus kann manchmal eine Augeninfektion verursachen. Wiederholte Infektionen können Narben und Verletzungen verursachen, die zu Sehproblemen oder Sehverlust führen können.
- Ausgedehnte Hautpartien. Menschen mit einer Hauterkrankung, die als atopische Dermatitis (Ekzem) bezeichnet wird, haben ein höheres Risiko, dass sich Lippenherpes über den ganzen Körper ausbreitet. Dies kann zu einem medizinischen Notfall werden.
prevention
Your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication to take regularly if you develop cold sores more than nine times a year or if you are at high risk of serious complications. If sunlight seems to trigger your recurrences, apply sunscreen to the area where the cold sore tends to break out. Or talk to your doctor about using an oral antiviral medication preventatively if you expect to engage in an activity that tends to trigger your condition, such as: B. intense sunlight.
To avoid spreading cold sores to other people or other parts of your body, you can try some of the following precautions:
- Küssen und Hautkontakt mit Personen vermeiden, wenn Blasen vorhanden sind. Das Virus breitet sich am leichtesten aus, wenn aus den Bläschen Flüssigkeit austritt.
- Vermeiden Sie es, Artikel zu teilen. Utensilien, Handtücher, Lippenbalsam und andere persönliche Gegenstände können das Virus verbreiten, wenn Blasen vorhanden sind.
- Halten Sie Ihre Hände sauber. Wenn Sie Lippenherpes haben, waschen Sie Ihre Hände sorgfältig, bevor Sie sich selbst und andere Menschen, insbesondere Babys, berühren.
Sources:
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