Mitral valve prolapse

Mitral valve prolapse

overview

Mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation

Mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation

The mitral valve separates the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the left side of the heart. In mitral valve prolapse, the leaflets of the mitral valve bulge like a parachute into the left atrium during the contraction of the heart (prolapse). Sometimes a mitral valve prolapse causes blood to flow back from the ventricle into the atrium, which is called mitral valve regurgitation.

Mitral valve prolapse is a type of heart valve disease that affects the valve between the left chambers of the heart. The flaps (sails) of the mitral valve are flaccid. They bulge backwards like a parachute (prolapse) into the left upper chamber of the heart when the heart contracts (contracts).

Mitral valve prolapse (MY-trul) sometimes causes blood to leak backwards through the valve, a condition called mitral valve regurgitation.

Typically, mitral valve prolapse is not life-threatening and does not require treatment or lifestyle changes. However, some people may need medication or surgery, especially if the prolapse causes severe belching.

Other names to describe mitral valve prolapse include:

• Barlow-Syndrom
• Wogendes Mitralklappensyndrom
• Click-Murmur-Syndrom
• Floppy-Valve-Syndrom
• Mitralprolaps
• Myxomatöse Mitralklappenerkrankung

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of mitral valve prolapse are due to the amount of blood leaking backwards through the valve.

Symptoms of mitral valve prolapse can vary greatly from person to person. Many people with mitral valve prolapse have no noticeable symptoms. Other people may have mild symptoms that develop gradually.

Symptoms of mitral valve prolapse can include:

• Ein schneller oder unregelmäßiger Herzschlag (Arrhythmie)
• Schwindel oder Benommenheit
• Atembeschwerden oder Kurzatmigkeit, insbesondere beim Sport oder im Liegen
• Ermüdung

When to go to the doctor?

If you have symptoms of mitral valve prolapse, make an appointment with your doctor. Many other conditions can cause similar symptoms.

If you have sudden or unusual chest pain or think you are having a heart attack, seek emergency medical attention immediately.

If you have been diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse, see your doctor if your symptoms worsen.

Causes

To understand the causes of mitral valve disease, it can be helpful to know how the heart works.

The mitral valve is one of four valves in the heart that keep blood flowing in the right direction. Each valve has flaps (leaflets) that open and close once during each heartbeat. When a valve does not open or close properly, blood flow through the heart to the body can be reduced.

In mitral valve prolapse, one or both mitral valve leaflets have extra tissue or are stretched more than usual. The sails can bulge backward (prolapse) like a parachute into the left upper chamber of the heart (left atrium) each time the heart contracts to pump blood.

The bulge can prevent the valve from closing tightly. When blood leaks backwards through the valve, it is called mitral valve regurgitation.

Risk factors

Mitral valve prolapse can develop in anyone at any age. Serious symptoms of mitral valve prolapse are most common in men over 50.

Mitral valve prolapse can run in families (be inherited) and may be associated with several other conditions including:

• Ebstein-Anomalie
• Ehlers-Danlos-Syndrom
• Morbus Basedow
• Marfan-Syndrom
• Muskeldystrophie
• Skoliose

Complications

Possible complications of mitral valve prolapse can include:

• Mitralklappeninsuffizienz. Die Mitralklappenklappen schließen nicht dicht. Das Blut fließt zurück, wenn die Klappe geschlossen ist, wodurch es für das Herz schwieriger wird, richtig zu arbeiten. Männlich zu sein oder Bluthochdruck zu haben, erhöht das Risiko einer Mitralklappeninsuffizienz.
• Herzrhythmusstörungen (Arrhythmien). Unregelmäßige Herzschläge können auftreten, wenn ein Mitralklappenprolaps zu schwerem Aufstoßen und Anschwellen der oberen linken Herzkammer (Atrium) führt.

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